Addiction

Addiction is a state characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences. It can be thought of as a disease or biological process leading to such behaviors. The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing (i.e., they increase the likelihood that a person will seek repeated exposure to them) and intrinsically rewarding (i.e., something perceived as being positive or desirable).

Addiction is a disorder of the brain's reward system which arises through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms and occurs over time from chronically high levels of exposure to an addictive stimulus (e.g., morphine, cocaine, sexual intercourse, gambling, etc.).ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral and drug addictions; two decades of research into ΔFosB's role in addiction have demonstrated that addiction arises, and the associated compulsive behavior intensifies or attenuates, along with the genetic overexpression of ΔFosB in the D1-type medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens; due to the causal relationship between ΔFosB expression and addictions, it is used preclinically as an addiction biomarker. ΔFosB expression in these neurons directly and positively regulates drug self-administration and reward sensitization through positive reinforcement, while decreasing sensitivity to aversion.

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Addiction (Skinny Puppy song)

"Addiction" is a song by the band Skinny Puppy, taken from their 1987 album Cleanse Fold and Manipulate. It was released on vinyl in 1987 and released on CD in 1991 (Canada) and 1997 (United States). The lyrics of the song quote the 19th century Gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderer by Charles Maturin.

Track listing

Personnel

Nivek Ogre

cEvin Key

Dwayne Goettel

Other

Addition production on track 1 by Greg Reely, with additional engineering by Adrian Sherwood. Edited by Greg Reely.

Additional production and engineering on track 2-3 by Adrian Sherwood. Assisted by Steve Spapperi. Edited by Adrian Sherwood.

Recorded at Mushroom and Chicago Trax. Mastered by Pete Norman.

Notes

Engineered by cEvin Key and Dave Ogilvie.

Sleeve photography, typography and design by Steven R. Gilmore.

References

↑ Wolanski, Coreen (2002). "Skinny Puppy: Every Dog Has Its Day". Exclaim!. Retrieved 2010-07-20.

↑ Kern, Jay (2010). Skinny Puppy: The Illustrated Discography (Second Edition). Mythos Press. p. 78.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Addiction_(Skinny_Puppy_song)

Addiction (film)

Addiction (Finnish: Levottomat 3) is a 2004 Finnish romantic drama film directed by Minna Virtanen. It is the last film in the Restless trilogy, preceded by Restless (2000) and Me and Morrison (2001).